@article{ref1,
title="Income reliably predicts daily sadness, but not happiness: a replication and extension of Kushlev, Dunn, & Lucas (2015)",
journal="Social psychological and personality science",
year="2016",
author="Hudson, Nathan W. and Lucas, Richard E. and Donnellan, M. Brent and Kushlev, Kostadin",
volume="7",
number="8",
pages="828-836",
abstract="Kushlev, Dunn, and Lucas (2015) found that income predicts less daily sadness-but not greater happiness-among Americans. The present study used longitudinal data from an approximately representative German sample to replicate and extend these findings. Our results largely replicated Kushlev and colleagues': income predicted less daily sadness (albeit with a smaller effect size), but was unrelated to happiness. Moreover, the association between income and sadness could not be explained by demographics, stress, or daily time-use. Extending Kushlev and colleagues' findings, new analyses indicated that only between-persons variance in income (but not within-persons variance) predicted daily sadness-perhaps because there was relatively little within-persons variance in income. Finally, income predicted less daily sadness and worry, but not less anger or frustration-potentially suggesting that income predicts less &quot;internalizing&quot; but not less &quot;externalizing&quot; negative emotions. Together, our study and Kushlev and colleagues' provide evidence that income robustly predicts select daily negative emotions-but not positive ones.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1948-5506",
doi="10.1177/1948550616657599",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616657599"
}