@article{ref1,
title="Combat-related ocular injuries in the IDF during the years 2013-2019",
journal="Journal of trauma and acute care surgery",
year="2021",
author="Shakarchy-Kaminsky, Nitzan and Megreli, Jacob and Kaminsky, Dan and Tsur, Avishai M. and Nadler, Roy and Radomislensky, Irina and Gelikas, Shaul and Glassberg, Elon and Benov, Avi and Furer, Ariel",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Ocular injuries account for up to 13% of battle injuries, despite the implementation of advanced protective eyewear (PE). This study aims to describe the extent of ocular injuries over the last years among Israel Defense Force (IDF) soldiers, and to examine the change in PE policy introduced in 2013 and the effect of a high-intensity conflict on ocular injury characteristics. <br><br>METHODS: This retrospective registry-based analysis derived data from the IDF Trauma Registry (IDF-TR) and included soldiers who sustained combat-related ocular injuries between the years 2013 and 2019. Demographic data and injury characteristics of casualties, as well as information regarding the use of PE, were collected and analyzed. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 2,312 military casualties were available for this study; the incidence of combat-related ocular injuries was 8.9% (n=113). Ocular injuries occurred among male soldiers (98.2%) with a mean age of 22.7 years (±4.6); mechanism of injury was penetrating in 59.3% of the casualties and blunt in 22.1% of the casualties; ocular injury was isolated in 51.3% of the casualties, others sustained concomitant injuries including head (32.7%), upper extremity injury (17.7%), lower extremity (15.9%), torso (8.0%), neck (6.2%) and other (5.9%) injuries. Ocular injuries rate was similar among casualties who used PE (11.2%) and those who did not use PE (13.0%) while injured (P=0.596). Rate of open globe injuries was 9.1% in casualties who used PE and 39.5% (P=0.002) in casualties who did not. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Eye protection may significantly reduce ocular injuries severity. Education of the combatants on the use of PE, and guidance of medical teams on proper assessment, initial treatment, and rapid evacuation of casualties, is needed in order to improve visual outcomes of the casualties further. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV epidemiological study.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2163-0755",
doi="10.1097/TA.0000000000003233",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000003233"
}