@article{ref1,
title="Education-related inequalities in cause-specific mortality: first estimates for Australia using individual-level linked census and mortality data",
journal="International journal of epidemiology",
year="2021",
author="Welsh, Jennifer and Joshy, Grace and Moran, Lauren and Soga, Kay and Law, Hsei-Di and Butler, Danielle and Bishop, Karen and Gourley, Michelle and Eynstone-Hinkins, James and Booth, Heather and Moon, Lynelle and Biddle, Nicholas and Blakely, Antony and Banks, Emily and Korda, Rosemary J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are evident in all high-income countries, and ongoing monitoring is recommended using linked census-mortality data. Using such data, we provide the first estimates of education-related inequalities in cause-specific mortality in Australia, suitable for international comparisons. <br><br>METHODS: We used Australian Census (2016) linked to 13 months of Death Registrations (2016-17). We estimated relative rates (RR) and rate differences (RD, per 100 000 person-years), comparing rates in low (no qualifications) and intermediate (secondary school) with high (tertiary) education for individual causes of death (among those aged 25-84 years) and grouped according to preventability (25-74 years), separately by sex and age group, adjusting for age, using negative binomial regression. <br><br>RESULTS: Among 13.9 M people contributing 14 452 732 person-years, 84 743 deaths occurred. All-cause mortality rates among men and women aged 25-84 years with low education were 2.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.61-2.91] and 2.13 (2.01-2.26) times the rates of those with high education, respectively. We observed inequalities in most causes of death in each age-sex group. Among men aged 25-44 years, relative and absolute inequalities were largest for injuries, e.g. transport accidents [RR = 10.1 (5.4-18.7), RD = 21.2 (14.5-27.9)]). Among those aged 45-64 years, inequalities were greatest for chronic diseases, e.g. lung cancer [men RR = 6.6 (4.9-8.9), RD = 57.7 (49.7-65.8)] and ischaemic heart disease [women RR = 5.8 (3.7-9.1), RD = 20.2 (15.8-24.6)], with similar patterns for people aged 65-84 years. When grouped according to preventability, inequalities were large for causes amenable to behaviour change and medical intervention for all ages and causes amenable to injury prevention among young men. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Australian education-related inequalities in mortality are substantial, generally higher than international estimates, and related to preventability. <br><br>FINDINGS highlight opportunities to reduce them and the potential to improve the health of the population.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0300-5771",
doi="10.1093/ije/dyab080",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab080"
}