@article{ref1,
title="Transcranial direct current stimulation provides no clinically important benefits over walking training for improving walking in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review",
journal="Journal of physiotherapy",
year="2021",
author="Nascimento, Lucas Rodrigues and do Carmo, Willian Assis and de Oliveira, Gabriela Pinto and Arêas, Fernando Zanela da Silva and Dias, Fernanda Moura Vargas",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="QUESTIONS: Does walking training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improve walking (ie, speed, cadence and step length) and reduce falls and freezing, compared with no/sham intervention, in people with Parkinson's disease? Is walking training combined with tDCS superior to walking training alone? Are any benefits carried over to social participation and/or maintained beyond the intervention period? DESIGN: A systematic review with meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials. PARTICIPANTS: Ambulatory adults with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. INTERVENTION: tDCS combined with walking training. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were walking speed, cadence and step length. Secondary outcomes were number of falls, fear of falling, freezing of gait and social participation. <br><br>RESULTS: Five trials involving 117 participants were included. The mean PEDro score of the included trials was 8 out of 10. Participants undertook training for 30 to 60 minutes, two to three times per week, on average for 4 weeks. Moderate-quality evidence indicated that the addition of tDCS to walking training produced negligible additional benefit over the effect of walking training alone on walking speed (MD -0.01 m/s, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.04), step length (MD 1.2 cm, 95% CI -1.2 to 3.5) or cadence (MD -3 steps/minute, 95% CI -6 to 1). No evidence was identified with which to estimate the effect of the addition of tDCS to walking training on freezing of gait, falls and social participation. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The addition of tDCS to walking training provided no clinically important benefits on walking in ambulatory people with Parkinson's disease. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020162908.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1836-9553",
doi="10.1016/j.jphys.2021.06.003",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2021.06.003"
}