@article{ref1,
title="Dynamic impact loading of the femur under passive restrained condition",
journal="Proceedings: Stapp Car Crash Conference",
year="1984",
author="Cheng, R and Yang, King H. and Levine, Richard S. and King, Albert I.",
volume="28",
number="",
pages="101-118",
abstract="The biodynamic response of the femur during passively restrained minus G//x impact acceleration is reported. Eleven unembalmed cadavers, ranging in age from 21 to 65 and weighing from 50 to 96 kg, were tested in a VW Rabbit seat with a passive belt and knee restraint. Sectioned parts of the VW knee bolster were placed about 130 mm away from the patella at the initiation of the tests. The height of the knee bolsters was adjusted individually in the eleven tests. Ten were set for loading directly through the patella. Sled runs were made at 22 and 35 g. Only one cadaver sustained bilateral femoral fractures at 35 g. Bolster loads were twice as high as those reported previously and femoral loads averaged 65% of the measured bolster load. There was only one case of avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament for impact knee angles ranging from 83 to 119 deg.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0585-086X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}