@article{ref1,
title="On the synergism of the driver air bag and the 3-point belt in frontal collisions",
journal="Proceedings: Stapp Car Crash Conference",
year="1995",
author="Keenen, L and Eppinger, Rolf H. and Morgan, Richard M. and Mattern, Rainer and Rizzetti, A and Kallieris, Dimitrios",
volume="39",
number="",
pages="389-401",
abstract="In this study human cadavers and dummy sled experiments were conducted with a force limiting device in the shoulder belt. The device significantly reduced the excessive localized loading of the chest associated with the standard, combined air bag/3-point belt restraint. The optimization of an air bag/3-point restraint was discussed by Kompass (1994), while Mertz et al. (1995) mathematically investigated the effect of limiting the shoulder belt load with air bag restraints by using Hybrid III dummies in frontal collisions. According to both earlier cadaver investigations, and preliminary computer simulations made by NHTSA, a shoulder belt force limitation of 4 kN seemed to be suitable to harmonize the 3-point belt/driver air bag for the simultaneous prevention of cervical spine and chest injuries. This concept was evaluated using Hybrid III dummies and cadavers.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0585-086X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}