@article{ref1,
title="Proposed Provisional Reference Values for the Humerus for Evaluation of Injury Potential",
journal="Proceedings: Stapp Car Crash Conference",
year="1996",
author="Kirkish, SL and Begeman, P. C. and Paravasthu, NS",
volume="40",
number="",
pages="75-81",
abstract="Ten unembalmed cadaver arm pairs and four individual unembalmed cadaver arms were tested to fracture in three-point bending on an Instron testing machine in either the L-M or A-P direction. Two loading rates were used, 218 mm/s and 0.635 mm/s. Tests were done using an Instron servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine. After fracture, each specimen was photographed and the anterior and posterior dimensions were measured with a micrometer. Using the technique developed by Mertz, several equations were employed to calculate the normalized forces and moments. Overall, three types of fractures were observed; straight simple fractures, angled simple fractures, and spiral or irregular fractures.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0585-086X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}