@article{ref1,
title="Comparison of passenger injuries in frontal car collisions with dummy loadings in equivalent simulations",
journal="Proceedings: Stapp Car Crash Conference",
year="1979",
author="Langwieder, Klaus and Danner, M. and Schmelzing, W and Appel, H. and Kramer, F and Hofmann, Jonathan",
volume="23",
number="",
pages="199-231",
abstract="A method is presented which correlates injuries in real accidents with dummy loadings. Dummy loadings on head, chest and pelvis are correlated with real injury severity in the sub-critical injury level and maximum tolerance limits are deduced. Dummy loading curves are worked out by means of a comprehensive calculating simulation. The calculation programs applied were calibrated with crash tests and sled runs. The connection between simulation and real accidents is formed by an Equivalent Accident Characteristic for defining the accident severity. By elimination of the accident characteristics, direct relation between real injury and dummy loading was established.<p />",
language="",
issn="0585-086X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}