@article{ref1,
title="The impact of childhood trauma on substance use trajectories from adolescence to adulthood: findings from a longitudinal Hispanic cohort study",
journal="Child abuse and neglect",
year="2021",
author="Rogers, Christopher J. and Forster, Myriam and Grigsby, Timothy J. and Albers, Larisa and Morales, Celina and Unger, Jennifer B.",
volume="120",
number="",
pages="e105200-e105200",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) are associated with substance use in adolescence and adulthood. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research examining the effect of ACE on substance use trajectories from adolescence through emerging adulthood. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study examined the role of ACE in substance use trajectories among Hispanic emerging adults. PARTICIPANTS: We surveyed a cohort of Hispanic adolescents (n = 1399) in Southern California across eight survey waves (beginning in 9th grade and continuing through emerging adulthood). <br><br>METHODS: Growth curve models were used to examine the effect of ACE on past 30-day cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol use over seven time points, and an interaction term of ACE ∗ time was included to investigate the cross-level effect of ACE. <br><br>RESULTS: ACE was a significant predictor at 9th grade across all substances. Every additional ACE was associated with significantly higher past 30-day cigarette use (β = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.10), marijuana use, (β = 0.15, 95%CI = 0.06, 0.25) and alcohol use (β = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.06, 0.21). Across all models, cross level interactions between ACE and time indicated that young adults exposed to more ACE experience significantly steeper inclining trajectories of 30-day cigarette use (β = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.02, 0.68), marijuana use (β = 0.07, 95%CI = 0.03, 0.11), and alcohol use (β = 0.02, 95%CI = 0.02, 0.68) than young adults with fewer ACE. <br><br>CONCLUSION: ACE continue to have an impact on substance use trends through emerging adulthood. <br><br>RESULTS highlight the graded effect of ACE on substance use during and beyond adolescence and illustrate that ACE exposure is linked to an escalation of substance use frequency.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-2134",
doi="10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105200",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105200"
}