@article{ref1,
title="Real-world emission and impact of three wheeler electric auto-rickshaw in India",
journal="Environmental science and pollution research international",
year="2021",
author="Bagul, Tushar Rajendra and Kumar, Ravindra and Kumar, Rakesh",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="The driving pattern of three-wheeled auto-rickshaws is governed by commuter's demands on certain fixed roads that offer flexible mobility solutions in a mid-size city. This flexibility creates unique driving patterns, frequent stop-and-go conditions, frequent acceleration, braking, and excessive idling, which affect emission rates. Existing emission testing regulation based on the driving cycle does not represent real-world conditions. In this paper, the real-world driving cycle of three-wheeled auto-rickshaw has been developed to provide realistic CO, HC, and NO(X) pollutants and see the effect of introducing modal shift of electric auto-rickshaw to reduce emission for India. Two policy scenarios were evaluated (1) with a 5% modal shift to electric auto-rickshaw, and (2) without modal shift. The results indicate that with a 5% shift to electric auto-rickshaw, by 2030, emissions will decrease by 6.30% compared to the baseline scenario. Further, by 2030, the projected CO emission would be 1,696,670 ton/year, and HC and NO(X) emissions would be 2,067,371 ton/year. <br><br>RESULTS can be useful for policy interventions towards cleaner fuel and the aggressive adoption for reducing pollution from auto-rickshaw.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0944-1344",
doi="10.1007/s11356-021-14805-6",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14805-6"
}