@article{ref1,
title="Head-neck response in frontal flexion",
journal="Proceedings: Stapp Car Crash Conference",
year="1984",
author="Wismans, Jac and Spenny, CH",
volume="28",
number="",
pages="161-171",
abstract="At the 27th Stapp Conference an analysis was presented of human head-neck motion in lateral flexion. Based on this analysis performance requirements for mechanical necks in this type of impact were formulated. This study extends the analysis to head-neck response in frontal flexion. Results are presented of dynamic tests with human subjects conducted by the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory (NBDL) in New Orleans. Two of these subjects were also included in the analysis of lateral flexion. It is shown that the mechanical (mathematical) system with two ball and socket joints describing the head-neck response in lateral flexion is also suitable for forward flexion. Geometrical parameters are identical for both impact directions in contrast to the dynamic properties which show significant differences.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0585-086X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}