@article{ref1,
title="Police shootings after electrical weapon seizure: homicide or suicide-by-cop",
journal="International journal of legal medicine",
year="2021",
author="Kroll, Mark W. and Ross, Darrell L. and Brave, Michael A. and Williams, Howard E.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="PURPOSE: Risks of handheld electrical weapons include head impact trauma associated with uncontrolled falls, ocular probe penetration injuries, thermal injuries from the ignition of volatile fumes, and weapon confusion police-involved shooting. There is also an uncommon but critical risk of a shooting after a subject gained control of an officer's electrical weapons. <br><br>METHODS: The authors searched for police shooting incidents involving loss of control of TASER® weapons via open-source media reports, crowd-sourced internet sites, litigation filings, and a survey of Axon law-enforcement master instructors. <br><br>RESULTS: The authors report 131 incidents of subjects attempting to or gaining control of an officer's electrical weapon from 2004 to 2020, 53 of which resulting in a shooting. These incidents demonstrated a risk of 11.8 shootings per million electrical weapon discharges (95% confidence limits of 9.0 to 15.1 per million by Wilson score interval). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The use of electrical weapons presents a rare but real risk of injury and death from a shooting following a subject's attempts to gain control of the weapon.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0937-9827",
doi="10.1007/s00414-021-02648-2",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02648-2"
}