@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology of rugby-related fractures in high school- and college-aged players in the united states: an analysis of the 1999-2018 NEISS Database",
journal="Physician and sportsmedicine",
year="2021",
author="Etzel, Christine M. and Wang, Karina H. and Li, Lambert T. and Nadeem, Maheen and Owens, Brett D.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: Rugby is a high-impact collision sport with identical competition rules by sex. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend of rugby-related fractures by body site, sex, and age in amateur athletes from 1999-2018. <br><br>METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried to characterize rugby-related injuries from 1999 to 2018 in patients aged 14-23 years old. National injury estimates were calculated using sample weights. Chi-square analysis and one-way ANOVA were performed to compare categorical variables. <br><br>RESULTS: Out of a total of 43,722 weighted cases of rugby-related fractures over the 19-year period, 70.9% were among high school- and college-aged males and females between the ages of 14-23 years (N=30,996). Males constituted 79.3% of cases whereas females composed 20.7% of the cases. The proportion of upper extremity fractures was similar in both males and females, yet facial fractures were significantly more common among males than females (27.9% vs. 14.6%, P<0.001). Among facial fractures, nasal fractures represented 74.4% of the sample, yet facial fractures only resulted in hospital admittance in 1.3% of cases. Lower extremity fractures were more likely to be severe, with 11.3% of LE cases being admitted to the hospital. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Rugby players in the US diagnosed in the ED with fractures consisted largely of male, high school- and college-aged athletes. Males and females experienced upper and lower-extremity fractures at comparable rates, yet lower extremity injuries were more likely to be admitted to a hospital. Men were significantly more likely to experience a facial fracture in which a majority were nasal fractures.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-3847",
doi="10.1080/00913847.2021.1962204",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2021.1962204"
}