@article{ref1,
title="Pedestrian time-space concept for analyzing corners and crosswalks",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="1984",
author="Fruin, John J. and Benz, Gregory P.",
volume="959",
number="",
pages="18-24",
abstract="The preliminary version of the new Highway Capacity Manual, Interim Materials on Highway Capacity (Transportation Research Board Circular 212), contains procedures for determining pedestrian levels of service at street corners and in crosswalks. Problems encountered during several applications of the Circular 212 procedures are discussed and a new conceptual approach for analyzing crosswalks and corners is introduced. Based on a time-space concept, this analysis method has several advantages over the Circular 212 procedure. Simply stated, the method is based on developing an estimate of total pedestrian occupancy time for a corner or crosswalk and relating this occupancy value to the available time and space. Average pedestrian occupancies derived from these values are compared with level-of-service criteria to determine relative degrees of convenience. The timespace analysis method and an illustrative problem are presented and compared with the Circular 212 procedure. Additional research to further increase the utility of the time-space technique is discussed.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}