@article{ref1,
title="Hawai'i's mandatory seat belt law: patterns of enforcement",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="1994",
author="Kim, Karl and Kirshenbaum, Richard and Nabeshima, George",
volume="1464",
number="",
pages="81-81",
abstract="Hawai'i is known for having one of the highest seat belt use rates in the nation and for having an aggressive enforcement program. Data on seat belt citations, driver licenses, police-reported crashes, and observed seat belt use studies reveal the following: (a) cited drivers are more likely to be young and male; (b) there are spatial and temporal patterns associated with enforcement; (c) a higher proportion of out-of-state drivers are cited than are involved in traffic collisions; (d) most seat belt citations issued in Hawai'i are stand-alone violations; (e) the most common type of other citation issued with a seat belt violation is for speeding; and (f) repeat offenders tend to be male and young. These findings may have relevance for other states considering stepped-up levels of enforcement. The results suggest a need for more scrutiny of the associations between seat belt use, enforcement, and crash involvement, perhaps over a long time period.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}