@article{ref1,
title="Moving toward integrated transport planning: energy, environment, and mobility in four Asian cities",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="1994",
author="Zegras, P. Christopher and Birk, Mia Layne",
volume="1441",
number="",
pages="84-92",
abstract="Around the world today, cities face serious problems of congestion, air pollution, and energy consumption that are directly related to transport system growth. To meet growing transport needs, cities require new solutions that will allow them to simultaneously develop economically and minimize the negative effects of transport system growth. The experiences of four very different Asian cities--Bangkok, Thailand; Surabaya, Indonesia; Islamabad, Pakistan; and Varanasi, India--demonstrate the clear need for a new planning approach that allows consideration of all available options. This new approach--integrated transport planning--emphasizes as the primary goal accessibility for citizens rather than mobility for individual vehicles. The integrated approach considers environmental, social, and energy use costs of transport systems to be inherent to the planning process and values projects that provide multiple positive benefits and complement a city's urban development goals. Finally, the integrated approach seeks to develop long-term, proactive solutions that make the best use of scarce investment dollars. The worldwide use of the integrated transport planning approach will lead to a network of efficient, economically viable, environmentally sustainable cities.  Record URL:  http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1994/1441/1441-010.pdf<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}