@article{ref1,
title="Analysis of accidents involving crash cushions",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="1985",
author="Pigman, Jerry G. and Agent, Kenneth R. and Creasey, Tom",
volume="1024",
number="",
pages="80-91",
abstract="This paper is an analysis of 127 accidents involving crash cushions in Kentucky. The primary data base was for the period 1980-1982, with some additional data before and after this period. An attempt was made to document each accident with a police report, photographs, and a repair form. The largest number of accidents (63) involved a Hi-Dro cell cushion or cluster, followed by 33 accidents involving a Guardrail Energy-Absorbing Terminal (G.R.E.A.T.) crash cushion, 19 with a temporary G.R.E.A.T. system, 10 with sand barrels, and 2 with steel drums. Average repair cost was lowest for the Hi-Dro cell cushion ($392) and highest for the Hi-Dro cell cluster ($2839). Other repair costs were $1886 for the G.R.E.A.T. system, $887 for sand-barrel installations, and $1760 for steel-drum installations. For those accidents in which performance was noted, crash cushions performed properly 85 percent of the time. Instances of improper performance generally involved either rebounding of a vehicle into or across the adjacent roadway or overturning of a vehicle. All the various types performed well. <br><br>RESULTS from the cost-effectiveness analysis show that crash cushion installations produce a benefit/cost ratio in the range of 1.0-2.0.  Record URL:  http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1985/1024/1024-011.pdf<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}