@article{ref1,
title="Barriers to trauma care in South and Central America: a systematic review",
journal="European journal of orthopaedic surgery and traumatology",
year="2021",
author="Kinder, Florence and Mehmood, Sarah and Hodgson, Harry and Giannoudis, Peter and Howard, Anthony",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Trauma is widespread in Central and South America and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Providing high quality emergency trauma care is of great importance. Understanding the barriers to care is challenging; this systematic review aims to establish current the current challenges and barriers in providing high-quality trauma care within the 21 countries in the region. <br><br>METHODS: OVID Medline, Embase, EBM reviews and Global Health databases were systematically searched in October 2020. Records were screened by two independent researchers. Data were extracted according to a predetermined proforma. Studies of any type, published in the preceding decade were included, excluding grey literature and non-English records. Trauma was defined as blunt or penetrating injury from an external force. Studies were individually critically appraised and assessed for bias using the RTI item bank. <br><br>RESULTS: 57 records met the inclusion criteria. 20 countries were covered at least once. Nine key barriers were identified: training (37/57), resources and equipment (33/57), protocols (29/57), staffing (17/57), transport and logistics (16/57), finance (15/57), socio-cultural (13/57), capacity (9/57), public education (4/57). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Nine key barriers negatively impact on the provision of high-quality trauma care and highlight potential areas for improving care in Central & South America. Many countries in the region, along with rural areas, are under-represented by the current literature and future research is urgently required to assess barriers to trauma management in these countries. No funding was received.   CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020220380.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1633-8065",
doi="10.1007/s00590-021-03080-3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-021-03080-3"
}