@article{ref1,
title="The role of bystanders in the prevention of railway suicides in New South Wales, Australia",
journal="Crisis",
year="2021",
author="Ngo, Nguyen Viet and Gregor, Shirley D. and Beavan, Gary and Riley, Bianca",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Bystanders can play a key role in preventing railway suicides by taking direct action or by raising an alarm. Aims: The study investigated in this context: (1) the prevalence of preventative actions by bystanders; (2) the relationship, if any, between first-hand preventions by bystanders and the degree of ambiguity around the imminence of danger; and (3) the nature of first-hand preventions by bystanders. <br><br>METHOD: Data were obtained from a security reporting database at Sydney Trains for 2011-2019 for accident and suicide-related incidents (N = 1,278). <br><br>RESULTS: In 635 cases of suicide prevention, bystanders were identified as first responders in 11% of cases and as raising the alarm in 11% of cases. Bystanders as first responders intervened proportionally more where the ambiguity of danger is low (jumping) compared with high (sitting, standing, wandering). Of the 69 cases of bystander preventions, 77% involved physical interaction (e.g., holding back) and 49% involved more than one bystander. Limitations: The data source could be biased because of incompleteness or nonstandard reporting. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Rail policy-makers should consider education and support for bystanders and staff: for example, by making known the prevalence of helping, the importance of intervening, and what types of intervention are most helpful.  Keywords: Rail Transportation <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0227-5910",
doi="10.1027/0227-5910/a000804",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000804"
}