@article{ref1,
title="Contribution of dual-energy computed tomography in the differentiation of illicit drugs",
journal="Archiwum Medycyny Sadowej i Kryminologii",
year="2020",
author="Boizet, Antoine and Ognard, Julien and Hmandi, Ons and Saccardy, Claire and Bourhis, David and Ben Salem, Douraied",
volume="70",
number="4",
pages="235-241",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the dual-energy behaviour of the main illicit substances as well as their cutting agents in order to be able to differentiate them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cocaine, heroin, MDMA, and cannabis as well as 3 adulterants, 2 diluents, and water were scanned at 90 kV and then at 140 kV on a single X-ray tube computed tomography (CT) scanner. The data acquired enabled a mapping of the attenuation values to 90 and 140 kVp as well as a resulting dual-energy index (DEI) mapping. <br><br>RESULTS: Drugs, cocaine, MDMA (pill), and cannabis had a positive DEI (0.014-0.008), while heroin and MDMA (powder) had a negative DEI (-0.016 and -0.013). The DEI of water was -0.01 and that of taurine was -0.018. Adulterants had negative DEI, while diluents had a positive DEI. All DEI were significantly different (p < 0.01). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Cocaine and heroin can be clearly differentiated using DEI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0324-8267",
doi="10.5114/amsik.2020.104536",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/amsik.2020.104536"
}