@article{ref1,
title="Eye movements predict driver reaction time to takeover request in automated driving: a real-vehicle study",
journal="Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour",
year="2021",
author="Wu, Yanbin and Kihara, Ken and Takeda, Yuji and Sato, Toshihisa and Akamatsu, Motoyuki and Kitazaki, Satoshi and Nakagawa, Koki and Yamada, Kenta and Oka, Hiromitsu and Kameyama, Shougo",
volume="81",
number="",
pages="355-363",
abstract="For automated driving at SAE level 3 or lower, driver performance in responding to takeover requests (TORs) is decisive in providing system safety. A driver state monitoring system that can predict a driver's performance in a TOR event will facilitate a safer control transition from vehicle to driver. This experimental study investigated whether driver eye-movement measured before a TOR can predict driving performance in a subsequent TOR event. We recruited participants (N = 36) to obtain realistic results in a real-vehicle study. In the experiment, drivers rode in an automated vehicle on a test track for about 32 min, and a critical TOR event occurred at the end of the drive. Eye movements were measured by a camera-based driver monitoring system, and five measures were extracted from the last 2-min epoch prior to the TOR event. The correlations between each eye-movement measure and driver reaction time were examined, and a multiple regression model was built using a stepwise procedure. The results showed that longer reaction time could be significantly predicted by a smaller number of large saccades, a greater number of medium saccades, and lower saccadic velocity. The implications of these relationships are consistent with previous studies. The present real-vehicle study can provide insights to the automotive industry in the search for a safer and more flexible interface between the automated vehicle and the driver.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1369-8478",
doi="10.1016/j.trf.2021.06.017",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.06.017"
}