@article{ref1,
title="Injury characteristics and predisposing effects of various outdoor traumatic situations in children and adolescents",
journal="Clinics in orthopedic surgery",
year="2021",
author="Hwang, Il-Yeong and Park, Jinhee and Park, Soo-Sung and Yang, Jinseok and Kang, Michael Seungcheol",
volume="13",
number="3",
pages="423-435",
abstract="BACKGROUD: Many studies have reported injury characteristics of individual traumatic situations. However, a comparative analysis of specific risks is meaningful to better understand injury characteristics and help establish injury-prevention measures. This study was conducted to investigate and compare injury characteristics in children and adolescents by various outdoor traumatic situations. <br><br>METHODS: Outdoor traumatic situations were determined and classified into physical activity-related injury (n = 3,983) and pedestrian (n = 784) and passenger (n = 1,757) injuries in traffic accidents. Home injury (n = 16,121) was used as the control group. Then, the characteristics of each outdoor trauma were compared with 1:1 matched indoor trauma (among home injuries); each outdoor traumatic situation's predisposing risk for the injured body part, injury type, and injury severity were analyzed; and changes by age of frequency ranking among physical activity-related injuries were investigated. <br><br>RESULTS: Outdoor trauma showed higher risks for limb injuries (injured body part), fracture and muscle/tendon injuries (injury type), and severe injuries (severity) than indoor trauma. Various outdoor traumatic situations presented different predisposing effects on injury characteristics. Among physical activity-related injuries, bicycle injury was commonest across all ages, and playing activities were common causes for injury for individuals of age < 9 years, whereas sports activities overwhelmed the common causes thereafter. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings would help to better understand the specific injury risk of various outdoor traumatic situations and may potentially facilitate the establishment of more effective injury-prevention measures.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2005-291X",
doi="10.4055/cios20242",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/cios20242"
}