@article{ref1,
title="Vascular injury is an infrequent finding following non-fatal strangulation in two Australian trauma centres",
journal="Emergency medicine Australasia",
year="2021",
author="Williamson, Frances and Collins, Sarah and Dehn, Anja and Doig, Shaela",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Non-fatal strangulation assessment is challenging for clinicians as clear guidelines for evaluation are limited. The prevalence of non-fatal strangulation events, clinical findings, frequency of injury on computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and outcomes across two trauma centres will be used to improve this assessment process. <br><br>METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of adult presentations during 2-year period to two major-trauma referral hospitals and subsequent 12 months to identify delayed vascular injury. Patients included using standardised search terms. Demographic data, clinical findings, radiological reports and outcomes were included for review. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 425 patients were included for analysis. Self-inflicted injury comprised 62.1%, with domestic violence (28.5%) and assault (9.4%) the remainder. Manual strangulation events 36.7% of overall presentations and 63.3% following ligature strangulation (ligature strangulation, incomplete and complete hanging). On examination soft signs present in 133 (31.2%) cases, commonly neck tenderness in isolation. No hard signs suggesting vascular damage. Vascular injury was demonstrated in three cases (0.7% of the total cohort and 1.5% of CTA scans completed), and all occurred in ligature strangulation events as a result of hanging. No patients had delayed vascular injury in the 12-month period post-initial presentation. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In non-fatal strangulation presentations, the majority have subtle signs of neck injury on examination with inconsistent documentation of findings. Low rate of vascular injury overall (0.7%), and entirely in hanging events. No longer-term vascular sequalae identified. Improving documentation focusing on hypoxic insult and evidence of airway trauma is warranted, rather than a reliance on computed tomography imaging to delineate a traumatic event in non-fatal strangulation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1742-6731",
doi="10.1111/1742-6723.13863",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13863"
}