@article{ref1,
title="Representing the underrepresented: an examination of racial/ethnic differences in TBI-related outcomes in U.S. veterans enrolled in the Million Veteran Program",
journal="Archives of clinical neuropsychology",
year="2021",
author="Sakamoto, McKenna S. and Chanfreau-Coffinier, Catherine and Delano-Wood, Lisa and Program, V. A. Million Veteran and Merritt, Victoria C.",
volume="36",
number="6",
pages="e1031-e1031",
abstract="Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research in Veterans is based primarily on non-Hispanic White samples, which does not reflect the diversity of the current military population. We examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and clinical outcomes in a large sample of Iraq/Afghanistan-era Veterans within the Million Veteran Program.Primary outcomes included injury characteristics, neurobehavioral-related symptoms, and employment status gleaned from the Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE) for 7006 Veterans with a clinician-confirmed history of TBI. Logistic regressions adjusting for age, sex, and education examined the effect of race/ethnicity on CTBIE outcomes.Racial/ethnic groups included non-Hispanic White (n = 4203), Hispanic (¬n = 1302), non-Hispanic Black (n = 951), Asian (¬n = 205), Multiracial (¬n = 157), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (−n = 91), and American Indian/Alaska Native (¬n = 79). Race/ethnicity was significantly associated with 5/10 CTBIE variables after applying Bonferroni-correction: blast exposure, loss of consciousness, post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), affective neurobehavioral symptoms, and unemployment (p's < 0.0001). Relative to non-Hispanic Whites, Veterans self-identifying as Asian, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic were less likely to experience certain injury-related characteristics (e.g., blast exposure, PTA). Additionally, Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander groups were less likely to endorse severe affective symptoms compared to White Veterans, whereas Black Veterans were more likely to endorse severe affective symptoms.<br><br>RESULTS highlight that certain TBI outcomes--particularly those related to injury characteristics and affective symptoms--vary by race/ethnicity. An enhanced understanding of how outcomes are modified by race/ethnicity is vital so that clinical care can be appropriately tailored to the unique needs of racially and ethnically diverse Veterans. Future studies should further elucidate the relationship between race/ethnicity and TBI outcomes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6177",
doi="10.1093/arclin/acab062.10",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.10"
}