@article{ref1,
title="Do alcohol consequences serve as teachable moments? A test of between- and within-person reciprocal effects from college age to adulthood",
journal="Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs",
year="2021",
author="Waddell, Jack T. and Sternberg, Ariel and Grimm, Kevin J. and Chassin, Laurie",
volume="82",
number="5",
pages="647-658",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Several studies find between-person reciprocal relations between adolescent/college drinking and positive expectancies. However, drinking and expectancies from college into adulthood are largely unstudied, as are within-person associations. During these age periods, negative alcohol consequences may represent &quot;teachable moments&quot; via expectancy change. The current study tested the reciprocal effects of drinking, negative consequences, and expectancies from college age to adulthood. <br><br>METHOD: Using data from a longitudinal study focused on familial alcohol disorder, age bands were created to model effects from college age (18-22) to young adulthood (23-28) and adulthood (29-34). Participants (N = 420) reported on their drinking, negative consequences, and expectancies across three waves (1995-2010). <br><br>RESULTS: Negative consequences did not predict negative expectancies, but the random intercepts of the two were highly related. Young adult negative consequences predicted a within-person increase in adult heavy drinking. A within-person increase in college age negative expectancies indirectly predicted a within-person decrease in adult negative consequences through reduced young adult drinking, whereas within-person increases in college age positive expectancies indirectly predicted a within-person increase in adult negative consequences through heavier young adult drinking. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that negative consequences were related to trait-level negative expectancies, even though prospective effects were not observed. <br><br>FINDINGS also suggest that college age negative expectancies were protective against future use and consequences, and this effect was unique to college age.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1937-1888",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}