@article{ref1,
title="The evidence for contra-flow cycling",
journal="Road and transport research",
year="2013",
author="Patterson, Fay",
volume="22",
number="1",
pages="51-61",
abstract="Adelaide City Council has had a strategic objective of implementing contra-flow cycle facilities for over fifteen years. However, Council has been constrained from achieving this by carriageway width requirements for contra-flow lanes and a demand for on-street parking that makes these lanes politically difficult to achieve. A recent attempt to tackle this issue acknowledged from the outset that formal contra-flow lanes were problematic to achieve. Instead, a brief review of international research was undertaken as the basis of understanding and addressing the risk associated with enabling contra-flow cycling without contra-flow bicycle lanes. The results may be surprising. The most significant study undertaken found that enabling contra-flow cycling in quiet one-way streets, using 'bicycles excepted' signage and without formal contra-flow lanes, reduces rather than increases the overall crash risk for cyclists. Other studies were hampered by very low crash numbers in quiet one-way streets but found no evidence of increased crash risk. This paper presents the evidence for a simple, inexpensive means of improving cycling convenience and safety in urban conditions where traffic speeds are low (85th percentile speeds no higher than 40 km/h). Noting the difficulty or reluctance of European municipalities in adopting this measure experience that has led to cyclist contra-flow using 'bicycles excepted' signage becoming mandatory in 30 km/h and 50 km/h zones in Belgium and in 30 km/h zones in France this paper further discusses the role of a risk management methodology in applying new and innovative treatments to Australia conditions. This paper does not present design practice and guidance, but all proposed contra-flow locations should be reviewed and any site-specific safety issues addressed. The list of references includes document sources for the reference of readers seeking design guidance.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1037-5783",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}