@article{ref1,
title="Physical activity as both predictor and outcome of emotional distress trajectories in middle childhood",
journal="Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics",
year="2021",
author="Harbec, Marie-Josée and Goldfield, Gary and Barnett, Tracie A. and Pagani, Linda S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This prospective longitudinal study assesses the reciprocal relationship between physical activity, including sport participation, and depressive and anxiety symptoms, conceptualized as emotional distress, over time. <br><br>METHOD: Boys and girls are from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort (N = 1428). Trajectories of emotional distress symptoms from ages 6 to 10 years, assessed by teachers, were generated using latent class analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analyses examined sport participation at age 5 years, measured by parents, as a predictor of emotional distress trajectory outcomes. Analyses of covariance compared physical activity, measured by children at age 12 years, across different trajectories of emotional distress. <br><br>RESULTS: We identified 3 emotional distress trajectories: &quot;low&quot; (77%), &quot;increasing&quot; (12%), and &quot;declining&quot; (11%). Boys who never participated in sport at age 5 years were more likely to be in the &quot;increasing&quot; (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-2.63) or &quot;declining&quot; (adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.28-3.75) emotional distress trajectories compared with boys who participated in any sporting activity. Furthermore, boys in the &quot;low&quot; emotional distress trajectory demonstrated better physical activity outcomes at age 12 years (F(2, 1438) = 6.04, p < 0.05). These results, exclusively for boys, are above and beyond pre-existing individual and family factors. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study supports the relevance of enhancing current public health strategies to understand and promote physical activity and emotional adjustment in early childhood to achieve better a more active lifestyle and overall health across development. We underscore male needs for physical activity for health promotion.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0196-206X",
doi="10.1097/DBP.0000000000001005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000001005"
}