@article{ref1,
title="ADHD and ODD dimensions: time varying prediction of internalizing problems from childhood to adolescence",
journal="Journal of attention disorders",
year="2021",
author="So, Felix K. and Chavira, Denise and Lee, Steve S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Although childhood ADHD is a risk factor for internalizing problems, it consists of separable inattention and hyperactivity dimensions that differentially predict outcomes. Oppositional defiant disorder also consists of separable dimensions (i.e., irritable, oppositional), co-occurs with ADHD, and predicts internalizing outcomes. To discern independent associations with internalizing problems, dimensions must be considered simultaneously. <br><br>METHODS: Controlling for age, sex, and race, we tested inattention, hyperactivity, irritability, and oppositionality as time-varying predictors of 6 to 7-year prospective change in parent- and teacher-rated internalizing problems in 230 ethnically- diverse (50% Caucasian) 5 to 10 year old youth (M = 7.4 years, 68% male) with (n = 120) and without ADHD (n = 110). <br><br>RESULTS: Escalating inattention and irritability, but not hyperactivity and oppositionality, uniquely predicted internalizing problems. <br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that inattention and irritability are unique risk factors for later internalizing problems. These dimensions may catalyze internalizing problems across development and constitute important intervention targets.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1087-0547",
doi="10.1177/10870547211050947",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10870547211050947"
}