@article{ref1,
title="Depressive symptoms moderate the relationship among physical capacity, balance self-efficacy, and participation in people after stroke",
journal="Physical therapy",
year="2021",
author="French, Margaret A. and Miller, Allison and Pohlig, Ryan T. and Reisman, Darcy S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Previously it was found that balance self-efficacy mediated the relationship between physical capacity and participation after stroke. The effect of other factors that influence participation, such as depression, on this relationship has not been explored. We therefore examined the effect of symptoms of depression on the mediated relationship between physical capacity and participation by balance self-efficacy in individuals after stroke. <br><br>METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 282 persons with chronic stroke (>6 months) were classified as having either low or high Geriatric Depression Scale scores. We used a multiple group structural equation model to test moderated mediation by comparing a constrained model (indicating no effect of depression on the mediation) and an unconstrained model (indicating an effect of depression on the mediation). The models were compared using a Chi-squared difference test. <br><br>RESULTS: The Chi-squared difference test suggested that the unconstrained model was a better fit, indicating that depressive symptoms moderated the mediated relationship between physical capacity and participation (χ2(3, N = 282) = 9.0). In the Low Depression group, a significant indirect effect indicated that balance self-efficacy did mediate the relationship between physical capacity and participation. There was not a significant indirect effect in the High Depression group. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The results suggest the relationship between physical capacity and participation appears to be mediated by balance self-efficacy in individuals after stroke with low reports of depressive symptoms but in those with high reports of depressive symptoms, physical capacity and balance self-efficacy are unrelated to participation. IMPACT: Targeting balance self-efficacy to improve post stroke participation may only be beneficial for individuals with low reports of depression. In individuals after stroke with high reports of depression, treatment should include and emphasize the treatment of those depressive symptoms. Additional work further examining these complex relationships is warranted.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-9023",
doi="10.1093/ptj/pzab224",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab224"
}