@article{ref1,
title="Use of child safety seats and booster seats in the United States: a comparison of parent/caregiver-reported and observed use estimates",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="2021",
author="West, Bethany A. and Yellman, Merissa A. and Rudd, Rose A.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Motor-vehicles crashes are a leading cause of death among children. Age- and size-appropriate restraint use can prevent crash injuries and deaths among children. Strategies to increase child restraint use should be informed by reliable estimates of restraint use practices. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: Compare parent/caregiver-reported and observed child restraint use estimates from the FallStyles and Estilos surveys with the National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats (NSUBS). <br><br>METHODS: Estimates of child restraint use from two online, cross-sectional surveys--FallStyles, a survey of U.S. adults, and Estilos, a survey of U.S. Hispanic adults--were compared with observed data collected in NSUBS. Parents/caregivers of children aged ≤ 12 years were asked about the child's restraint use behaviors in FallStyles and Estilos, while restraint use was observed in NSUBS. Age-appropriate restraint use was defined as rear-facing child safety seat (CSS) use for children aged 0-4 years, forward-facing CSS use for children aged 2-7 years, booster seat use for children aged 5-12 years, and seat belt use for children aged 9-12 years. Age-appropriate restraint users are described by demographic characteristics and seat row, with weighted prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall, child restraint use as reported by parents/caregivers was 90.8% (CI: 87.5-94.1) (FallStyles) and 89.4% (CI: 85.5-93.4) for observed use (NSUBS). Among Hispanic children, reported restraint use was 82.6% (CI: 73.9-91.3) (Estilos) and 84.4% (CI: 79.0-88.6) for observed use (NSUBS, Hispanic children only). For age-appropriate restraint use, estimates ranged from 74.3% (CI: 69.7-79.0) (FallStyles) to 59.7% (CI: 55.0-64.4) (NSUBS), and for Hispanic children, from 71.5% (CI: 62.1-81.0) (Estilos) to 57.2% (CI: 51.2-63.2) (NSUBS, Hispanic children only). <br><br>CONCLUSION and Practical Application: Overall estimates of parent/caregiver-reported and observed child restraint use were similar. However, for age-appropriate restraint use, reported use was higher than observed use for most age groups.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="10.1016/j.jsr.2021.08.011",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2021.08.011"
}