@article{ref1,
title="Loneliness and depression among women in poland during the CoViD-19 pandemic",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2021",
author="Idzik, Anna and Leńczuk-Gruba, Anna and Kobos, Ewa and Pietrzak, Mariola and Dziedzic, Beata",
volume="18",
number="20",
pages="e10698-e10698",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many changes in the functioning of people all over the world in a short period of time. According to a WHO report (2020), it is women who are at a particular risk of the negative effects of the pandemic, especially in terms of mental health. AIM OF STUDY: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, irritability, and loneliness among adult women during the COVID-19 pandemic. <br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on a representative sample of women in Poland (n = 452). The data were collected using the HADS-M scale and the R-UCLA scale. <br><br>RESULTS: A low level of loneliness was found in 37.3% of the women, moderate in 38.9%, moderately high in 22.3% and very high in 1.3% of women. Self-rating of physical and mental health was significantly positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and irritability in HADS-M, and loneliness in R-UCLA. As the severity of loneliness increased, so did Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores on all subscales (p < 0.001). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The study group presented with mental well-being disorders in the form of anxiety and depression. Two in three women experienced loneliness.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph182010698",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010698"
}