@article{ref1,
title="The BRAIN-Q, a tool for assessing self-reported sport-related concussions for epidemiological studies",
journal="Epidemiology and health",
year="2021",
author="James, Laura and Davies, Madeline Am and Mian, Saba and Seghezzo, Giulia and Williamson, Elizabeth and Kemp, Simon and Arden, Nigel K. and McElvenny, Damien and Pearce, Neil and Gallo, Valentina",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: The BRAIN-Q is a tool aimed at maximising the accuracy, and minimising measurement error, for retrospectively assessing concussions. This paper reports agreement of the BRAIN-Q tool when compared to extant questionnaire questions, and reproducibility when compared with its telephonic version (tBRAIN-Q). <br><br>METHODS: The BRAIN-Q entails a 3-stage process: defining concussion, creating a visual timeline with life events, and establishing detailed characteristics for each reported concussion. It was designed to be administered in-person by trained personnel, and was used in the BRAIN Study. Its performance was compared with the MSK Study which previously collected a few questions in a broader self-administered questionnaire; and with the tBRAIN-Q Recall, its telephonic version. <br><br>RESULTS: 101 participants were included; of these, nine were re-assessed with the tBRAIN-Q. Compared to the BRAIN-Q, the agreement with the MSK-Q for rugby-related concussion was 86.7% (kappa 0.6). Rugby-related concussion with loss of consciousness showed lower agreement (82.0% (kappa 0.6)). The comparison between the BRAIN-Q and the tBRAIN-Q showed a good reproducibility. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The BRAIN-Q is a relatively easy tool to administer in face-to-face assessments, it showed an optimal reproducibility, it includes a well-established definition of concussion, and is used to collect detailed information on each concussion allowing for a number of subgroup analyses (e.g. by severity, by age, by context). The BRAIN-Q is easily adaptable to other sporting settings.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2092-7193",
doi="10.4178/epih.e2021086",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021086"
}