@article{ref1,
title="Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study",
journal="European Neuropsychopharmacology",
year="2021",
author="Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N. and Karakatsoulis, Grigorios and Abraham, Seri and Adorjan, Kristina and Ahmed, Helal Uddin and Alarcón, Renato D. and Arai, Kiyomi and Auwal, Sani Salihu and Berk, Michael and Bjedov, Sarah and Bobes, Julio and Bobes-Bascaran, Teresa and Bourgin-Duchesnay, Julie and Bredicean, Cristina Ana and Bukelskis, Laurynas and Burkadze, Akaki and Abud, Indira Indiana Cabrera and Castilla-Puentes, Ruby and Cetkovich, Marcelo and Colon-Rivera, Hector and Corral, Ricardo and Cortez-Vergara, Carla and Crepin, Piirika and De Berardis, Domenico and Zamora Delgado, Sergio and De Lucena, David and De Sousa, Avinash and Stefano, Ramona Di and Dodd, Seetal and Elek, Livia Priyanka and Elissa, Anna and Erdelyi-Hamza, Berta and Erzin, Gamze and Etchevers, Martin J. and Falkai, Peter and Farcas, Adriana and Fedotov, Ilya and Filatova, Viktoriia and Fountoulakis, Nikolaos K. and Frankova, Iryna and Franza, Francesco and Frias, Pedro and Galako, Tatiana and Garay, Cristian J. and García-Alvarez, Leticia and García-Portilla, María Paz and Gonda, Xenia and Gondek, Tomasz M. and González, Daniela Morera and Gould, Hilary and Grandinetti, Paolo and Grau, Arturo and Groudeva, Violeta and Hagin, Michal and Harada, Takayuki and Hasan, Tasdik M. and Hashim, Nurul Azreen and Hilbig, Jan and Hossain, Sahadat and Iakimova, Rossitza and Ibrahim, Mona and Iftene, Felicia and Ignatenko, Yulia and Irarrázaval, Matías and Ismail, Zaliha and Ismayilova, Jamila and Jakobs, Asaf and Jakovljević, Miro and Jakšić, Nenad and Javed, Afzal and Kafali, Helin Yilmaz and Karia, Sagar and Kazakova, Olga and Khalifa, Doaa and Khaustova, Olena and Koh, Steve and Kopishinskaia, Svetlana and Kosenko, Korneliia and Koupidis, Sotirios A. and Kovacs, Illes and Kulig, Barbara and Lalljee, Alisha and Liewig, Justine and Majid, Abdul and Malashonkova, Evgeniia and Malik, Khamelia and Malik, Najma Iqbal and Mammadzada, Gulay and Mandalia, Bilvesh and Marazziti, Donatella and Marcinko, Darko and Martinez, Stephanie and Matiekus, Eimantas and Mejia, Gabriela and Memon, Roha Saeed and Martínez, Xarah Elenne Meza and Mickevičiūtė, Dalia and Milev, Roumen and Mohammed, Muftau and Molina-Lopez, Alejandro and Morozov, Petr and Muhammad, Nuru Suleiman and Mustač, Filip and Naor, Mika S. and Nassieb, Amira and Navickas, Alvydas and Okasha, Tarek and Pandova, Milena and Panfil, Anca-Livia and Panteleeva, Liliya and Papava, Ion and Patsali, Mikaella E. and Pavlichenko, Alexey and Pejuskovic, Bojana and Pinto da Costa, Mariana and Popkov, Mikhail and Popovic, Dina and Raduan, Nor Jannah Nasution and Ramírez, Francisca Vargas and Rancāns, Elmars and Razali, Salmi and Rebok, Federico and Rewekant, Anna and Flores, Elena Ninoska Reyes and Rivera-Encinas, María Teresa and Saiz, Pilar and de Carmona, Manuel Sánchez and Martínez, David Saucedo and Saw, Jo Anne and Saygili, Görkem and Schneidereit, Patricia and Shah, Bhumika and Shirasaka, Tomohiro and Silagadze, Ketevan and Sitanggang, Satti and Skugarevsky, Oleg and Spikina, Anna and Mahalingappa, Sridevi Sira and Stoyanova, Maria and Szczegielniak, Anna and Tamasan, Simona Claudia and Tavormina, Giuseppe and Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria and Theodorakis, Pavlos N. and Tohen, Mauricio and Tsapakis, Eva Maria and Tukhvatullina, Dina and Ullah, Irfan and Vaidya, Ratnaraj and Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann M. and Vrublevska, Jelena and Vuković, Olivera and Vysotska, Olga and Widiasih, Natalia and Yashikhina, Anna and Prezerakos, Panagiotis E. and Smirnova, Daria",
volume="54",
number="",
pages="21-40",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables. <br><br>RESULTS: Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0924-977X",
doi="10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004"
}