@article{ref1,
title="Forced sexual initiation and early sexual debut and associated risk factors and health problems among adolescent girls and young women - Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys, Nine PEPFAR Countries, 2007-2018",
journal="MMWR: Morbidity and mortality weekly report",
year="2021",
author="Howard, Ashleigh L. and Pals, Sherri and Walker, Brianna and Benevides, Regina and Massetti, Greta M. and Oluoch, Rose Patricia and Ogbanufe, Obinna and Marcelin, Louis Herns and Cela, Toni and Mapoma, Chabila C. and Gonese, Elizabeth and Msungama, Wezi and Magesa, Daniel and Kayange, Alick and Galloway, Katelyn and Apondi, Rose and Wasula, Lydia and Mugurungi, Owen and Ncube, Getrude and Sikanyiti, Iven and Hamela, Justin and Kihwele, Gerald V. and Nzuza-Motsa, Nozipho and Saul, Janet and Patel, Pragna",
volume="70",
number="47",
pages="1629-1634",
abstract="Adolescent girls and young women aged 13-24 years are disproportionately affected by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (1), resulting from biologic, behavioral, and structural* factors, including violence. Girls in sub-Saharan Africa also experience sexual violence at higher rates than do boys (2), and women who experience intimate partner violence have 1.3-2.0 times the odds of acquiring HIV infection, compared with those who do not (3). Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) data during 2007-2018 from nine countries funded by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) were analyzed to estimate prevalence and assess factors associated with early sexual debut and forced sexual initiation.(†) Among adolescent girls and young women aged 13-24 years who ever had sex, the prevalence of lifetime sexual violence ranged from 12.5% to 49.3%, and forced sexual initiation ranged from 14.7% to 38.9%; early sexual debut among adolescent girls and young women aged 16-24 years ranged from 14.4% to 40.1%. In multiple logistic regression models, forced sexual initiation was associated with being unmarried, violence victimization, risky sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and poor mental health. Early sexual debut was associated with lower education, marriage, ever witnessing parental intimate partner violence during childhood, risky sexual behaviors, poor mental health, and less HIV testing. Comprehensive violence and HIV prevention programming is needed to delay sexual debut and protect adolescent girls and young women from forced sex.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0149-2195",
doi="10.15585/mmwr.mm7047a2",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7047a2"
}