@article{ref1,
title="Evaluation of protected left-turn phasing and leading pedestrian intervals effects on pedestrian safety",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="2021",
author="Goughnour, Elissa and Carter, Daniel and Lyon, Craig and Persaud, Bhagwant and Lan, Bo and Chun, Piljin and Hamilton, Ian and Signor, Kari and Bryson, Meg",
volume="2675",
number="11",
pages="1219-1228",
abstract="Pedestrian safety is an important public health issue for the United States, with pedestrian fatalities representing approximately 16% of all traffic-related fatalities in 2016. Nationwide, transportation agencies are increasing their efforts to implement engineering-based improvements that increase pedestrian safety. These agencies need statistically rigorous crash modification factors (CMFs) to demonstrate the safety effectiveness of such countermeasures, and to apply in benefit-cost analyses to justify their implementation. This study focused on developing CMFs for two countermeasures that show promise for improving pedestrian safety: protected or protected/permissive left-turn phasing, and leading pedestrian intervals (LPIs). Data were acquired from four North American cities that had installed one or both of the countermeasures of interest: Chicago, IL; New York City, NY; Charlotte, NC; and Toronto, ON. The empirical Bayes before-after study design was applied to estimate the change in expected crash frequency for crashes following treatment. The protected left-turn phasing evaluation showed a benefit in reducing vehicle-vehicle injury crashes, but did not produce statistically significant results for vehicle-pedestrian crashes. For those crashes a disaggregate analysis did reveal that this treatment could be especially beneficial where pedestrian volumes exceed 5,500 per day. The LPI evaluation showed a statistically significant reduction in vehicle-pedestrian crashes with an estimated CMF of 0.87.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="10.1177/03611981211025508",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211025508"
}