@article{ref1,
title="Childhood traumatic experiences and psychopathy: a comprehensive review",
journal="Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy",
year="2021",
author="Moreira, Diana and Moreira, Diana Sá and Barbosa, Fernando and Sousa-Gomes, Valéria and Fávero, Marisalva",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Psychopathy has a considerable societal cost, which motivates research on the mechanisms that cause individuals to engage and persist in antisocial behaviors. It is known that individuals with marked psychopathic traits or callous-unemotional traits typically engage in higher rates of aggressive behaviors. These traits seem to have roots both in biological and environmental factors. This article aims to clarify, through a comprehensive review of the literature, what kind of traumas experienced in childhood may contribute to the development of a psychopathic personality structure. <br><br>METHOD: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to organize such evidence. <br><br>RESULTS: Childhood maltreatment has been associated with a wide range of maladaptive outcomes, ranging from internalizing to externalizing symptoms. Some have suggested that this range of symptoms is largely attributable to a disruption in the usual parent-child attachment bond, which may occur in parent-child relationships characterized by emotional maltreatment. Many studies now suggest that key features of temperament, such as anger, self-regulation/self-control, and negative emotionality, can be positively influenced through prevention and treatment programs. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive review provides information for improving our ability to treat problematic personalities and reduce the risk of future antisocial behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1942-9681",
doi="10.1037/tra0001191",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0001191"
}