@article{ref1,
title="The dynamic nature of injunctive drinking norms and within-person associations with college student alcohol use",
journal="Psychology of addictive behaviors",
year="2021",
author="Graupensperger, Scott and Jaffe, Anna E. and Hultgren, Brittney A. and Rhew, Isaac C. and Lee, Christine M. and Larimer, Mary E.",
volume="35",
number="8",
pages="867-876",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Perceptions of friends' approval of drinking behaviors (i.e., injunctive drinking norms) play a central role in shaping college students' alcohol use behaviors. However, we know little about the extent that students' perceptions of friends' approval fluctuate over time and whether there are within-person associations between these injunctive norms and alcohol use. To fill this knowledge gap, we estimated within-person variability in perceptions of friends' approval of alcohol use across a 12-month period and examined within-person associations between perceptions of friends' approval and 3 discrete drinking behaviors: number of weekly drinks, hazardous drinking behaviors, and peak estimated blood-alcohol content (peak-eBAC). <br><br>METHOD: A sample of college students (N = 433, 54.82% female, M(age) = 20.06) reported perceptions of friends' approval of alcohol use and indices of alcohol use behavior at 4 timepoints across a single year. <br><br>RESULTS: Descriptive estimates of within-person variability of perceived friends' approval revealed that these perceptions fluctuated considerably across the 4 timepoints. After accounting for between-person effects, longitudinal multilevel modeling revealed significant within-person associations between perceptions of friends' approval and (a) number of weekly drinks, (b) hazardous drinking behaviors, and (c) peak-eBAC levels. Students reported heavier alcohol use at timepoints when they perceived their friends as being more approving than usual. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Alongside advancing theoretical understanding of social influences on students' alcohol use, the current findings hold important clinical implications for norms-based harm-reduction strategies. To optimize interventions, norms-based approaches may need to be adaptive over time (e.g., boosters) to map onto within-person fluctuations in perceived injunctive norms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0893-164X",
doi="10.1037/adb0000647",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000647"
}