@article{ref1,
title="Assessment of the risks and needs of middle school students: invariance properties related to gender and ethnicity",
journal="Assessment",
year="2021",
author="Strand, Paul S. and French, Brian F. and Austin, Bruce W.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="The middle school version of the Washington Assessment of Risks and Needs of Students (msWARNS) is a self-report instrument designed for use by school personnel to identify barriers to school attendance and school success for sixth- to eighth-grade students. It measures six domains relevant to improving school outcomes that include aggression-defiance, depression-anxiety, substance use, peer deviance, home environment, and school engagement. In the present study, a bifactor S - 1 model, for which the aggression-defiance domain was the reference factor for the general factor and the other domains constituted the subfactors, had good fit and better fit than several other alternative models. <br><br>RESULTS of multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed invariance across different groups defined by gender and race/ethnicity (Native American, African American, Hispanic, and White), with a sample of referred middle school students (N = 2,356; ages 10-15 years). Reliability analyses support the use of the general factor to guide decision-making, the reliable use of the depression-anxiety factor for providing additional insights, and the remaining factors for guiding communication, as part of an assessment and intervention program for middle school students.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1073-1911",
doi="10.1177/10731911211062505",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10731911211062505"
}