@article{ref1,
title="A spatiotemporal analysis of e-scooters' relationships with transit and station-based bikeshare",
journal="Transportation research part D: transport and environment",
year="2021",
author="Yan, Xiang and Yang, Wencui and Zhang, Xiaojian and Xu, Yiming and Bejleri, Ilir and Zhao, Xilei",
volume="101",
number="",
pages="e103088-e103088",
abstract="To address the policy question of how e-scooters interact with existing public mobility options, we conduct a spatiotemporal analysis of e-scooters' relationships with public transit and station-based bikeshare in Washington DC. <br><br>RESULTS suggest that e-scooters have both competing and complementary effects on transit and bikeshare. The service areas of the three modes largely overlap, and most e-scooter trips could have been made by transit or bikeshare. A travel-time-based analysis further reveals that when choosing e-scooters over transit, travelers pay a price premium but save some travel time. The price premium was greater during COVID-19 but the associated travel-time savings were smaller. This implies that public health considerations rather than time-cost tradeoffs were the main determinant of travel behavior during COVID-19. In addition, we find that e-scooters enhance mobility services for some underserved neighborhoods. Before COVID-19, about 10% of all e-scooter trips were taken to connect with the Metrorail system.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1361-9209",
doi="10.1016/j.trd.2021.103088",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103088"
}