@article{ref1,
title="How do terrorist organizations make money? Terrorist funding and innovation in the case of al-Shabaab",
journal="Studies in conflict and terrorism",
year="2021",
author="Levy, Ido and Yusuf, Abdi",
volume="44",
number="12",
pages="1167-1189",
abstract="This paper examines the funding sources of the terrorist group Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen. Using existing research and original interviews, this study outlines al-Shabaab's history and funding sources. It theorizes that an organization's capacity to operate in different fields of economic activity drives innovation in funding. Applying a framework for terrorist innovation to al-Shabaab's funding sources, this study finds support for the theory. Development of intelligence and taxation capabilities is especially prevalent in the al-Shabaab context. Holding territory considerably increases organizational ability to raise funds. Increasing reliance on criminality may compromise an organization's ideological character and leave it more vulnerable to inter-group competition.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1057-610X",
doi="10.1080/1057610X.2019.1628622",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2019.1628622"
}