@article{ref1,
title="Injury patterns, risk factors, and return to sport in Brazilian jiu jitsu: a cross-sectional survey of 1140 athletes",
journal="Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine",
year="2021",
author="Hinz, Maximilian and Kleim, Benjamin D. and Berthold, Daniel P. and Geyer, Stephanie and Lambert, Christophe and Imhoff, Andreas B. and Mehl, Julian",
volume="9",
number="12",
pages="e23259671211062568-e23259671211062568",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Brazilian jiu jitsu (BJJ) is a growing martial art that focuses on grappling techniques. <br><br>PURPOSE: To quantify the 3-year incidence of BJJ-related injuries and detect common injury patterns as well as risk factors among those practicing BJJ. It was hypothesized that there would be a high incidence of injuries, they would be caused by submissions in sparring situations, and they would occur predominantly at the extremities. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. <br><br>METHODS: Active BJJ athletes were invited to take an English-language online survey developed by orthopaedic surgeons together with BJJ athletes and a sports scientist. Data were recorded regarding athlete demographics, sporting activity level, injuries within the past 3 years that caused at least a 2-week time loss, injury mechanisms, and return to sport. <br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 1140 responses were received from 62 different countries; 88.9% of all athletes were male, and 63.9% were regular competitors. Within the investigated cohort, 1052 injuries were recorded in 784 athletes, for an injury incidence of 308 per 1000 athletes per year. The lower extremity (45.7%) and upper extremity (30.2%) were predominant sites of injury, with injuries to the knee (27.1%) being the most common. The most frequent knee injuries were meniscal injuries (n = 65), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears (n = 36), and medial collateral ligament injuries (n = 36). ACL tears were especially associated with long time frames for return to sport. Most injuries occurred during sparring (77.6%) and were caused by submissions (29.7%) and takedowns (26.4%). Competing regularly (P =.003), older age (P <.001), and higher belt rank (P =.003) were significant risk factors for injury. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Injury incidence was high among BJJ athletes surveyed, with 2 out of 3 athletes reporting at least 1 injury within a 3-year period that caused a 2-week absence from training. Most injuries occurred during sparring, and we believe that a high potential for injury reduction lies in drawing awareness to common injury patterns and sites in athletes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2325-9671",
doi="10.1177/23259671211062568",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211062568"
}