@article{ref1,
title="Non-modifiable risk factors for stress fractures in military personnel undergoing training: a systematic review",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2022",
author="Lennox, Grace M. and Wood, Patrick M. and Schram, Ben and Canetti, Elisa F. D. and Simas, Vini and Pope, Rodney and Orr, Robin",
volume="19",
number="1",
pages="e422-e422",
abstract="A fracture, being an acquired rupture or break of the bone, is a significant and debilitating injury commonly seen among athletes and military personnel. Stress fractures, which have a repetitive stress aetiology, are highly prevalent among military populations, especially those undergoing training. The primary aim of this review is to identify non-modifiable risk factors for stress fractures in military personnel undergoing training. A systematic search was conducted of three major databases to identify studies that explored risk factors for stress fractures in military trainees. Critical appraisal, data extraction, and a narrative synthesis were conducted. Sixteen articles met the eligibility criteria for the study. Key non-modifiable risk factors identified were prior stress fracture and menstrual dysfunction, while advancing age and race other than black race may be a risk factor. To reduce the incidence of stress fractures in military trainees, mitigating modifiable risk factors among individuals with non-modifiable risk factors (e.g., optimising conditioning for older trainees) or better accommodating non-modifiable factors (for example, extending training periods and reducing intensity to facilitate recovery and adaptation) are suggested, with focus on groups at increased risk identified in this review.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph19010422",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010422"
}