@article{ref1,
title="Neural processing dysfunctions during fear learning but not reward-related processing characterize depressed individuals with high levels of repetitive negative thinking",
journal="Biological psychiatry: cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging",
year="2022",
author="Park, Heekyeong and Kirlic, Namik and Kuplicki, Rayus and Paulus, Martin and Guinjoan, Salvador",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) is a symptom dimension of depression that is associated with a poorer prognosis in terms of higher recurrence, treatment resistance, residual symptoms, and disability. This investigation examined whether RNT is associated with aberrant reward processing and fear learning. <br><br>METHODS: Very High RNT [n=60] and High RNT [n=60] propensity-matched individuals with depression (age, sex, race/ethnicity, income/employment, body mass index, depressive and anxiety symptom severity) participated in the present study along with matched healthy comparison (HC) volunteers [n=30]. This propensity-matched sample was selected from the larger Tulsa-1000 study. Participants performed two functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks: the Monetary Incentive Delay task (MID) probing reward processing and the Fear Conditioning task probing aversive learning and extinction. <br><br>RESULTS: Both very high and high RNT groups (VH-RNT, H-RNT) showed lower neural activity than HC in reward circuitry including inferior frontal gyrus (VH-RNT: β = -1.24, H-RNT: β = -1.28) as well as the cerebellum (VH-RNT: β = -0.93, H-RNT: β = -1.14). However, individuals with VH-RNT exhibited lower activation than H-RNT in central autonomic network components during fear conditioning (β: -0.84) as well as continued conditioned responses during early extinction in the postcentral cortex (β: 0.71). <br><br>CONCLUSION: VH-RNT showed aberrant processing in fear conditioning during both learning and extinction phases, compared to H-RNT. These findings demonstrate that dysfunctions of negative valence associated with RNT may be domain-specific, which should be taken into account for identifying potential specific targets of intervention.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2451-9030",
doi="10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.01.002",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.01.002"
}