@article{ref1,
title="Toilet injuries presenting to emergency departments, 2000-2019: a different game of thrones",
journal="Pediatric emergency care",
year="2021",
author="Yingst, Bradley and Reeves, Patrick T. and Krishnamurthy, Jayasree and Pasman, Eric A. and Nylund, Cade M.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Toilet training is a major developmental milestone. Unsupervised periods combined with immature gross and fine motor skills may lead to toddler injuries during toilet training. Our aim was to investigate toilet-related injuries (TIs) in children. <br><br>METHODS: Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were used to evaluate emergency department encounters of children ages 0 to 6 years with TI from 2000 to 2019. <br><br>RESULTS: There were an estimated 142,606 children (95% confidence interval, 115,599-168,613) who presented to the emergency department for TI. Toilets were involved in 95% of injuries, and other potty chairs (PCs) involved 5% of injuries. Children had higher odds of sustaining head injury while using a toilet versus PC (adjusted odds ratio = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.06-3.45). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Toilet-related injuries present a high burden of risk to young children. Our data support that the safest vessel for use in toilet training is a PC/training seat as opposed to the toilet.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0749-5161",
doi="10.1097/PEC.0000000000002487",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000002487"
}