@article{ref1,
title="Exploring working memory, self-criticism, and rumination as factors related to self-harm",
journal="Psychological reports",
year="2022",
author="Carpenter, Rachel Kate and Alloway, Tracy Packiam",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="The prevalence of self-harm and the relative emotional influences are well understood, but certain cognitive factors such as working memory, rumination, and self-criticism are not fully explored. The aim of the current study is to examine specific aspects of cognition to explore their influence on self-harming behaviors. Participants included 101 undergraduates from a British University. Factors were measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, Ruminative Response Scale, and the Automated Working Memory Assessment. <br><br>FINDINGS indicated a greater incidence of self-harming behaviors among those who demonstrated higher depressive symptoms, but depression scores were not significantly related to self-harm. Additionally, a binary logistic regression indicated that self-criticism was associated with the presence of self-harming behavior, and a Classification and Regression Trees found that the single strongest predictor of self-harming behavior was a belief that love needs to be continually earned from others. Incorporating treatments that reduce self-criticism, such as improving self-compassion with Compassionate Mind Training, may address underlying mechanisms that trigger self-harm behavior. <br><br>KEYWORDS: rumination, depression, self-criticism, working memory, self-harm.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0033-2941",
doi="10.1177/00332941221074258",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00332941221074258"
}