@article{ref1,
title="Detecting driver stress and hazard anticipation using real-time cardiac measurement: a simulator study",
journal="Brain and behavior",
year="2022",
author="Kerautret, Laora and Dabic, Stephanie and Navarro, Jordan",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: In the context of growing interest in real-time driver stress detection systems, we question the value of using heart rate change over short time periods to detect driver stress and hazard anticipation. <br><br>METHODS: To this end, we explored changes in heart rate and speed as well as perceived stress in 27 drivers in a driving simulator. Driver stress was triggered by using hazardous road events, while hazard anticipation was manipulated using three levels of hazard predictability: unpredictable (U), predictable (P), and predictable and familiar (PF). <br><br>RESULTS: The main results indicate that using heart rate change (1) is a good indicator for detecting driver stress in real time, (2) provides a cardiac signature of hazard anticipation, and (3) was affected by perceived stress groups. Further investigation is needed to validate the lack of relationship between increased anticipation/predictability and strengthened cardiac signature. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of heart rate change as an indicator of real-time driver stress and hazard anticipation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2162-3279",
doi="10.1002/brb3.2424",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2424"
}