@article{ref1,
title="Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: from mechanistic view to targeted therapeutic opportunities",
journal="Fundamental and clinical pharmacology",
year="2022",
author="Hakiminia, Bahareh and Alikiaii, Babak and Khorvash, Fariborz and Mousavi, Sarah",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi-mechanistic biochemical process, termed as secondary brain injury. Currently, there are no pharmacological agents for definitive treatment of patients with TBI. <br><br>OBJECTIVES: This article is presented with the purpose of reviewing molecular mechanisms of TBI pathology, as well as potential strategies and agents against pathological pathways. <br><br>METHODS: In this review article, materials were obtained by searching PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This search was considered without time limitation. <br><br>RESULTS: Evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are two key mediators of the secondary injury cascade in TBI pathology. TBI-induced oxidative damage results in the structural and functional impairments of cellular and subcellular components, such as mitochondria. Impairments of mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mitochondrial membrane potential result in a vicious cycle of free radical formation and cell apoptosis. The results of some preclinical and clinical studies, evaluating mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and compounds with pleiotropic effects after TBI, are promising. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: As a proposed strategy in recent years, mitochondria-targeted multi-potential therapy is a new hope, waiting to be confirmed. Moreover, based on the available findings, biologics, such as stem cell-based therapy and transplantation of mitochondria are novel potential strategies for the treatment of TBI; however, more studies are needed to clearly confirm the safety and efficacy of these strategies.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0767-3981",
doi="10.1111/fcp.12767",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12767"
}