@article{ref1,
title="Age-related development of self-regulation: evidence on stability and change in action orientation",
journal="Journal of research in personality",
year="2021",
author="Bettschart, Martin and Wolf, Benjamin M. and Herrmann, Marcel and Brandstätter, Veronika",
volume="91",
number="",
pages="e104063-e104063",
abstract="Action (vs. state) orientation describes the ability to modulate affect and is at the core of goal-directed self-regulation. However, evidence on stability and change over time is scarce. In Study 1 (N = 368 couples), we investigated measurement invariance of action orientation (measured with the ACS-90) as well as rank-order stability and mean-level change over a period of four years. We report results from three samples with young adults (Study 2). Measurement invariance was obtained for an adjusted ACS-90 scale after removing 4 items. Rank-order stability was high. In both studies, one of two subscales - prospective action orientation - increased over time. Positive change was most consistent for middle-aged adults, implying that self-regulatory abilities improve during middle adulthood.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0092-6566",
doi="10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104063",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104063"
}