@article{ref1,
title="Are doping tests in sports trustworthy? Athletes suffer from insufficiently defined criteria for doping tests: athletes suffer from insufficiently defined criteria for doping tests",
journal="EMBO reports",
year="2022",
author="Nissen-Meyer, Jon and Skotland, Tore and Boye, Erik",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="The lack of clearly defined criteria for doping tests carries a great risk of punishing innocent athletes and undermines the fight against doping in international sports.   The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) uses analytic, science-based methods to detect doping, but it does not always adhere to scientific principles when it evaluates the results from their tests. The criteria for determining whether a sample is positive for an illegal substance often appear to be ambiguous with the risk of rendering evaluations subjective. Statements from WADA laboratories such as &quot;you need to be an expert to clearly identify it&quot; and &quot;we know it when we see it&quot; indicate such subjectivity. Subjective evaluations are troublesome because they erode the trust in WADA's fight against doping, and have potentially dramatic consequences for athletes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1469-221X",
doi="10.15252/embr.202154431",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embr.202154431"
}