@article{ref1,
title="Rural-urban comparisons in the rates of self-harm, U.S., 2018",
journal="American journal of preventive medicine",
year="2022",
author="Wang, Jing and Brown, Melissa M. and Ivey-Stephenson, Asha Z. and Xu, Likang and Stone, Deborah M.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: This study compares rural and urban differences in the rates of nonfatal self-harm in the U.S. in 2018. <br><br>METHODS: Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and Census data were analyzed to calculate the RR of emergency department visits for self-harm between rural and urban residents. The analyses were conducted in 2021. <br><br>RESULTS: Among a weighted total of 488,000 emergency department visits for self-harm in the U.S., 80.5% were urban residents, and 18.3% were rural residents. In both settings, poisoning was the most common mechanism for self-harm, followed by cutting. Firearm-related self-harm and suffocation each accounted for <2% of total self-harm cases. Overall, the age-adjusted emergency department visit rate for self-harm was 252.3 per 100,000 for rural residents, which was 1.5 (95% CI=1.4, 1.6) times greater than the rate for urban residents (170.8 per 100,000 residents). The rates of self-harm among rural residents were higher than those of urban residents for both male and female residents, for all age groups except people aged ≥65 years, and by all mechanisms. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive suicide prevention strategies tailored to rural communities may mitigate the rural-urban disparity in morbidity from suicidal behavior.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0749-3797",
doi="10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.018",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.018"
}